Frank Giacoia
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Frank Giacoia (July 6, 1924 - February 4, 1988)[1] is an American comic book artist who sometimes worked under the name Frank Ray and to a lesser extent Phil Zupa and the single moniker Espoia (the latter used for collaborations with fellow inker Mike Esposito).
Biography
Early life and career
Giacoia studied at Manhattan's School of Industrial Art (later the High School of Art and Design) and the Art Students League. He broke into comics by penciling the feature "Jack Frost" in USA Comics #3 (Jan. 1942), published by Marvel Comics' 1940s precursor, Timely Comics. His friend and collaborator Carmine Infantino, a classmate at the Art Students League, recalled that “ ...Frank Giacoia and I were in constant contact. One day in '40 we decided to go up to Timely Comics, which later became Marvel, to see if we could get some work. They gave us a script called 'Jack Frost' and that story became our first published work. Frank did the pencils and I did the inking. Joe Simon was the editor and he offered us both a staff job. Frank quit school and took the job. I wanted desperately to quit school and I told my father that it was a great opportunity. He said, 'No way! You're gonna finish school'. ”
Later in 1941, Giacoia joined the New York City comic-book packager Eisner & Iger,[citation needed] the studio of Golden Age greats Will Eisner and Jerry Iger. His early works includes crime for Ace Comics, horror for Avon Comics,and a multitude of characters for National Publications (the primary company that evolve into DC Comics) including the Flash and Batman.
Other companies for which Giacoia did art during the 1940s and 1950s include Crestwood, Dell Comics, Eastern Color, Fawcett, Harvey Comics Lev Gleason Publications and Timely Comics, the 1940s predecessor of Marvel Comics. For Timely's USA Comics #1 (Aug. 1941), he penciled the debut of the feature "Jack Frost", inked by friend and high-school classmate Carmine Infantino — the latter's first art for comics.
The Silver Age
During the 1960s Silver Age of comic books, Giacoia became best known as a Marvel Comics inker, particularly on Captain America stories penciled by the character's co-creator, industry legend Jack Kirby. One of the company's preeminent names, he worked on virtually every title at one time or another.
Giacoia also worked on the newspaper comic strip The Amazing Spider-Man (based on the same-name Marvel comic-book series) from 1978-1981, as well as on the strips Flash Gordon, The Incredible Hulk, Johnny Reb and Billy Yank, Sherlock Holmes and Thorne McBride
